The EU Commission recently decided to initiate infringement proceedings against the Netherlands (INFR 2024/4017 of 25 July 2024).
The initiation of the infringement procedure follows landmark decisions by Dutch national courts after the CJEU ruling in the Koeln-Aktienfonds-DEKA case (CJEU case C-156/17, dated 30 January 2020), which established the current status quo of taxation of foreign investment funds in the Netherlands. Specifically, the Dutch Supreme Court (Hoge Raad der Nederlanden) ruled on 9 April 2021, that foreign investment funds are not entitled to a refund of Dutch WHT because the court deemed as not objectively comparable the tax situations of Dutch and foreign funds.
Current situation in the Netherlands
Under Dutch law, domestic investment funds de facto receive a reduction of Dutch WHT on dividend income through the possibility to offset on fund level the WHT paid by the distributing Dutch company. However, this offset mechanism is not available to foreign investment funds. This discrepancy makes non-Dutch investment funds less attractive to Dutch investors and investments in shares of Dutch companies less attractive to foreign investment funds.
The Commission sees the different treatment as a potential infringement of Art. 63 TFEU (Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union) as well as Art. 40 EEA (Agreement on the European Economic Area). The infringement procedure may cause the Netherlands to reconsider a discriminatory practice with regard to the taxation of foreign investment funds, especially for investment funds with multiple fund investors, which has been in place for years.
Potential consequences of the infringement proceedings
The Netherlands has two months to reply to the Commission's letter of formal notice. If the Member State does not comply, the Commission can issue a reasoned opinion and refer the case to the European Court of Justice (CJEU). The CJEU would examine whether the Member State violates its obligations under EU law. If the CJEU rules against the Member State, the Member State must take measures to comply with the judgment. Non-compliance can result in the Commission seeking financial penalties under Article 260 para. 2 TFEU.
Thus, the infringement procedure could lead to a comprehensive change in the Dutch taxation of investment funds.
Recommendation
This new development significantly increases the chances of success of a WHT reclaim in the Netherlands by foreign multi-investor investment funds. WTS recommends the timely filing of fund level applications in the case of multi-investor funds and re-evaluating WHT threshold amounts when determining for which cases an application should be filed.
WHT refund applications for the WHT-year 2021 must be submitted by the end of 2024 to avoid being time-barred.
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